Australian grown cotton is the most efficient, water wise, cotton grown in the world.
It's not that Australia hasn't got the water it's just the mismanagement of it that is the problem.
The Australian cotton crop uses over a quarter of all irrigation water in Australia and almost the entire crop relies in irrigation. Compared to water consumption in other major cotton countries, Australia cotton is water efficient BUT other countries: cotton crops don't rely on irrigation whether from stored or flowing sources and instead rely on natural rainfall. If the water efficiency cotton crops around the world was compared on the basis of captured water, Australia cotton would not be considered water efficient. It needs irrigation to survive to yield not to increase yield because most is grown in the wrong place. Like every other cotton producing coumtry, Australia's cotton crop should be concentrated around areas of reliable rainfall and near storage dams fed by that rainfall pattern and that's not the areas it's currently seen.
It's not an easy choice using alternatives like bamboo or eucalyptus. It is basically the poor countries processing these fibres into a useful product.
The main chemical is carbon disulfide, then all the post cleaning. The heath issues from carbon disulfide is a shocker.
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The cotton industry is just starting out in the Top End (unfortunately). It seems like people from the Murray/Darling system have bought up land here (and some locals) who want to F%#K the Daly river.
A trial was recently completed .....about 1000hectares over 7 diff properties......some irrigated ....some not.
The yields on the irrigated averaged about 8.5 bales/hectare
The yields on non irrigated (or dryland as the industry now call it) was about 4bales/hectare.
So any farmer who has water allocation is going to grow irrigated cotton. Obtaining water licences and clearing land here is (unfortunately) pretty straight forward.
A Gin is now proposed/being built in Katherine
Once that happens you can here "the story" now........"we need to clear and irrigate another ???? thousand hectares to use the capacity of the gin."
So in a few short years we (in the Top End) will be on our way to turning the Daly River into a creek.